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You are here: Home / Beit Polska News / Shabbat Chol Hamoed Sukkot

Shabbat Chol Hamoed Sukkot

By Menachem Mirski PhD 10/13/2017 Leave a Comment Filed Under: Beit Polska News, Sermons

Menachem Mirski

Menachem Mirski is a rabbinic student at the Ziegler School of the American Jewish University. He is the first of four and perhaps five native Polish speaking future teachers and leaders of the remarkable Polish Renewal led by Beit Polska. Menachem arrived in late August to begin his rabbinic studies on the heels of a whirlwind concert tour this summer in Poland. Many people in California met Menachem during his visit there for a series of concerts featuring David Wisnia and his grandson, Avi Wisnia.

Also featured last year was Rivka Foremniak.Menachem also completed his doctorate in Polish at Lublin University in the history of Holocaust Thought. This groundbreaking study will be revised and published in the summer of 2018.

Menachem will be featured at two upcoming concerts in Los Angeles that will bring Avigail Genius, another of the dozen prayer leaders trained by Cantor Mimi Sheffer and Cantor Mike Stein. Stay tuned for more information. Some concerts are planned for Philadelphia and Chicago in February.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“But,” He said, “you cannot see My face, for man may not see Me and live.” (Ex 33:20)

These words are spoken by the Eternal after Moses asks Him to reveal His glory. And although the Torah portion for this Shabbat describes several fundamental concepts of our religion (among others the notion of the Covenant and the approach towards idolatry), it is worth focusing on its unique features – on the reply that God gave to Moses’ question, since some Jewish theologians used this answer as the basis for the claim that the ultimate nature of the Eternal is unknowable. However, in the following verses the text sheds some light on this mistery:

“The LORD! the LORD! a God compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in kindness and faithfulness […]” (Ex 34:6).

As we can see, just a moment later God states that He is kanah (קַנָּא), which means impassioned (this Hebrew word is often translated as jelous). So He is actually revealing certain aspects of His personality and character. But none of them are being elevated to an absolute dimension, as it was later done by some Medieval theologians (Gersonides, Crescas).

Some Orthodox Rabbis claim that Judaism does not entail any kind of theology. They say that God has given us clear guidelines – the Torah and the halachah – and all we need to do is follow them. What is the nature of God – we do not know. However, Judaism’s intelectual legacy and liturgy does in fact contain many theological statements. How can we resolve this dilemma? Does Judaism entail a theology or not? The answer seems to be as follows: with regards to this matter, just as with several others, there is freedom and pluralism. For example, among non-Orthodox Rabbis we’ll find supporters of both Heschel and Kaplan. Each of my colleagues at my Rabbinic School holds different views on this matter. In 2012, when I was working on my doctoral thesis and I was reading Holocaust-related literature, it really underminded my faith in a traditionally understood, caring God. Nonetheless, I was still praying on a regular basis and I could experience kavanah. How was that possible? Because back then I was a Kaplanist.

Jews are connected with each other not as a result of our theological views, but as a result of our practice – rituals and ethics, which constitute the core of our religion. Our rituals are an expression of particularism – they establish our ties with other Jews, whereas our ethics is universal – it establishes ties with all people. And while our theological insights and beliefs are an important element of our individual spirituality, they are of secondary importance. We should debate about them, but at the end of the day we do not distinguish between „true” and „false” beliefs. Moreover, we do not judge people based on their beliefs. Considering the number of conflicts over „the only correct” insights or truths, both throughout the world’s history and in contemporary times, we can undoubtely assume that the world would be a much happier place if only others would emulate our approach.


Nie będziesz mógł zobaczyć oblicza Mojego, gdyż nie może ujrzeć Mnie człowiek i pozostać żywym (Ex 33:20).

Słowa te wypowiada Najwyższy w odpowiedzi na prośbę Mojżesza, by Ten odsłonił swój majestat. I choć porcja Tory na najbliższy szabat zawiera ekspresję kilku spośród fundamentów naszej religii (m.in. ideę przymierza, stosunek do bawłochwalstwa), to warto się skupić na tym, co jest w niej wyjątkowe. A tym czymś jest właśnie owa odpowiedź Boga na pytanie Mojżesza. Dla części żydowskich teologów była ona źródłem twierdzenia, że ostateczna natura Wiekuistego jest niepoznawalna. Kilka wersetów dalej tekst uchyla nam jednak rąbka tajemnicy:

Wiekuisty, Wiekuisty, Bóg miłosierny i litościwy, nieskory do gniewu i pełen miłości i prawdy […] (Ex 34:6).

Chwilę potem Bóg oświadcza, iż jest kana (קַנָּא) a więc żarliwy (co często bywa tłumaczone jako zazdrosny). Zdradza nam więc pewne cechy swojej osobowości, charakteru. Żadna z nich nie jest jednak podniesiona do wymiaru absolutnego, jak czynili to później niektórzy teologowie średniowieczni (Gersonides, Crescas).

Niektórzy ortodoksyjni rabini mówią, że judaizm nie ma teologii. Powiadają, iż Bóg dał nam jasne instrukcje – Torę, halachę – i tego się trzymajmy. Jaka jest natura Boga – nie wiemy. W intelektualnej schedzie judaizmu, jak i w liturgii, znajdujemy jednakże wiele wypowiedzi teologicznych. Jak więc rozwiązać ten dylemat? Czy judaizm ma teologię, czy jej nie ma? Odpowiedź wydaje się być następujaca: mamy w tej kwestii, jak i w kilku innych, wolność i pluralizm. Wśród rabinów nieortodoksyjnych są np. i zwolennicy Heschela, i zwolennicy Kaplana. Każdy spośród kolegów i koleżanek z mojej rabinackiej szkoły ma w tej kwestii inną percepcję. W roku 2012, gdy pisząc swój doktorat przedzierałem się przez literaturę holokaustową, moja wiara w tradycyjnie pojętego, opiekuńczego Boga bardzo cierpiała. Jednakże regularnie prowadziłem modlitwy i miałem kawanę. Jak to możliwe? Bo byłem wówczas kaplanistą.

To nie wyznawana teologia nas Żydów łączy, lecz praktyka – rytuał i etyka. To one stanowią rdzeń naszej religii. Nasz rytuał jest partykularny – buduje nasze więzy z innymi Żydami, nasza etyka zaś uniwersalna – ustanawia więzy ze wszystkimi ludźmi. I choć nasze teologiczne percepcje i wierzenia są ważnym elementem naszej indywidualnej duchowości, pełnią one funkcję drugoplanową. Warto o nich dyskutować, ale ostatecznie nie dzielimy ich na „prawdziwe” i „fałszywe”. A nadto nie oceniamy ludzi przez pryzmat ich wierzeń. Biorąc pod uwagę ilość konfliktów wokół „jedynie słusznej” wizji lub prawdy, zarówno w historii świata, jak i we współczesności, można śmiało przypuszczać, iż byłby on miejscem znacznie szczęśliwszym, gdyby nas w tym aspekcie bardziej naśladował.

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